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Each point of armor cuts the damage you take. The game uses damage taken = 1 ÷ (1 + armor ÷ 15). 15 armor halves incoming damage, 30 armor leaves a third, and there is no cap, but every extra point helps a little less than the last.

Negative armor makes you take more damage: (15 − 2 × armor) ÷ (15 − armor).

Source: Brotato Wiki, Armor

Dodge is capped at 60%. Cryptid caps at 70%, Ghost at 90% and Sailor at 20%. Armor has no cap.

On its own, 60% dodge cuts the damage you take about as much as 22.5 armor does. The wiki does not describe how the two combine, so treat any combined figure as an estimate.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Dodge

100% Attack Speed halves a weapon's cooldown. Negative Attack Speed uses a different formula that hurts slow and ranged weapons more, and very fast weapons get diminishing returns. Attacks are capped at 12 per second. Higher Range slightly slows melee weapons.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Attack Speed

Luck raises the number of consumables enemies drop, the chance a drop is a Loot Crate, and the tier of items in the shop, crates and level-up upgrades. Some weapons also scale with it. Item rarity also rises with the wave number, so Luck matters most early.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Luck

At the end of every wave you get Materials and XP equal to your Harvesting. Then it grows by 5%, rounded up (5 becomes 6). Crown adds 8% more growth. Negative Harvesting loses Materials and XP each wave with no growth. In Endless Mode the growth stops and you lose 20% of your Harvesting each wave from wave 21.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Harvesting

Melee, Ranged and Elemental Damage add to the base damage of weapons that scale with that stat. A weapon with 80% Melee scaling gains 0.8 damage per point. Then % Damage raises the result by 1% per point. It does not affect Engineering structures.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Weapons

One damage per hit. Negative % Damage lowers your damage by 1% per point, but never below 1.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Damage

Engineering raises the power of structures such as turrets and mines. Most other primary stats, including % Damage and Attack Speed, do not affect structures. Some weapons also scale with it.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Stats

Each attack has a % chance to heal 1 HP. It triggers at most once every 0.1 seconds, so it heals at most 10 HP per second.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Stats

The first point gives 0.20 HP per second and each further point adds about 0.089 HP per second. Negative values count as 0.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Stats

Dodge 60% (70% Cryptid, 90% Ghost, 20% Sailor). Crit chance 100%. 12 attacks per second. Range cannot go below 25. Life steal heals at most 10 HP per second. Luck, armor, max HP and damage have no cap.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Stats

Weapons come in four tiers. Combining two identical weapons of the same tier gives one of the next tier, and some weapons start at a higher tier. Carrying two or more weapons of the same class (Blade, Gun, Precise…) gives a bonus that grows up to six weapons.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Weapons

Enemies can spawn cursed, with more damage, speed and HP, and they drop more Materials. Shop items and weapons can also be cursed, which boosts their stats. Naval weapons and some DLC characters scale with Curse.

Source: Brotato Wiki, Stats